Everything You Need to Know About the Halal Cosmetic Industry
Blogs Everything You Need to Know About the Halal Cosmetic Industry Many Muslim consumers are awakening to the reality that the skin – and what we apply onto it – needs careful attention. The skin is the largest organ of the body, and it is just as important to care for as our inner digestive system. The increase of organic, vegan, and cruelty-free cosmetics, has for many met the desired standards for products that are healthier for the skin and environmentally friendly. While there is an overlap between these ideals and halal cosmetics, halal-certified beauty products offer a guarantee that not only are wholesome ingredients used, but strict manufacturing and production regulations following Islamic law have been adhered to. In this article, we’ve summed up a list of everything you need to know to easily navigate the halal cosmetic industry and strike a balance between beauty and faith. Modesty is the primordial state of the human being, and it is uniquely inherent to the Islamic faith. Despite the halal cosmetic industry’s emergence, the use of cosmetic products with the intention of public adornment is frowned upon. In Surah an-Nur, Allah implores the believing women to ‘ lower their gaze and guard their chastity, and not to reveal their adornments except what normally appears. Let them draw their veils over their chests, and not reveal their hidden adornments except to their husbands…Let them not stomp their feet, drawing attention to their hidden adornments. Turn to Allah in repentance altogether, O believers, so that you may be successful’ (24:31). What you need to know about the halal cosmetic industry: Research Cosmos, a market research company, estimates the halal cosmetic industry to be worth USD 53.81 Billion by 2025. In the Muslim-majority country Indonesia, this statistic has tempted big brands such as Unilever, L’Oreal, and Beiersdorf to produce halal-certified products to cater to the country’s Muslim demographic. What you need to know about halal certification: To be certified halal, every ingredient in cosmetic products must be traceable . Products must not contain any ingredients derived from pig, carrion, blood, human body parts, predatory animals, reptiles, and insects, among others. Animal-derived ingredients must come from permissible animals slaughtered according to Islamic law. This also applies to application tools such as makeup brushes, where bristle fibers can contain animal by-products. In its preparation, processing, storage, and transport, products need to be in pure and hygienic conditions, free from najis[filth]. The brand labeling and imagery must be in alliance with good Islamic virtues and should not portray any obscenity if it wishes to carry the logo of a local certifying body. The rigor of enforcing these regulations makes it appealing to Muslim and non-Muslim customers alike for its approved quality assurance. The process of getting products certified can take several months and can be costly. For this reason, many brands choose not to apply for certification. In those cases, responsibility would be on the consumer to check the ingredients list to assess their halal legitimacy. What you need to know about nails: The ritual of performing wudu [ablution] before daily prayers can only be complete if each body part in the sequence reaches the water. This has always been a struggle for women who choose to wear nail polish, that is until the development of water-permeable nail polish. In 2009 Inglot launched their O2M Breathable Nail Enamel range. According to Inglot’s website, their formula uses an advanced polymer, the same polymer used in some contact lenses that allow water and oxygen to pass through the eye, suggesting the same process takes place through the nail plate. Since then, various brands have developed formulae that allow permeability. Most brands promote breathable nail polishes as a healthier option. They are non-toxic and often enhanced with vitamin B5, vitamin C, and argan oil. Many have expressed skepticism as to just how porous these nail polishes are. Therefore, if you are hesitant, it would be best to purchase nail polish that has been certified halal, for instance, Amara cosmetics. What you need to know about lips: A common ingredient often found in lipsticks is ‘carmine,’ a pigment derived from the cochineal insect. Harvested cochineals are sun-dried, crushed, and dunked in an acidic alcohol solution to produce carminic acid, the pigment that eventually becomes carmine. Most scholars consider the consumption of insects as impermissible. The point of application makes it easy to consume this product. One should, therefore, avoid using lipsticks containing this ingredient. This can be quite hard as most brands list carmine, cochineal extract, natural red 4, or E120 as an ingredient. For the Muslim consumer who cannot find any halal-certified lipsticks, vegan brands such as Milk Makeup or KVD Vegan Beauty (formerly Kat Von D Beauty) are a good substitute to avoid this ingredient. Many vegan brands, such as PHB Ethical Beauty, also carry halal-certified logos along with being cruelty-free. Another ingredient common in lipsticks and lip-glosses is beeswax. The wax produced by honeybees hardens into scales used to build their comb. This insect by-product is permissible and has anti-inflammatory properties and can protect the skin from environmental irritants. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “By the One in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, the believer is like a bee which eats that which is pure and wholesome and lays that which is pure and wholesome. When it lands on something it does not break or ruin it.” (Imam Ahmad) What you need to know about animal-derived ingredients: If the ingredients below appear in a product that has been certified halal, there should be no concern. However, if products are not certified, you may have to reach out to the cosmetic brand. Most companies have very informative websites and respond timely to customer queries, be it online or in-store . 1. Gelatin Gelatin is a protein used as a thickening agent. Commonly found in products such as face creams, body lotions, shampoos, or hairsprays, it is well-known for promoting collagen production. It can be porcine (pork), marine (fish), bovine (beef), or poultry (chicken) derived. If the source of the gelatin is from pork, it will always be haram, just as marine-derived gelatin will
8 Products You Didn’t Know Were NOT Halal
Blogs 8 Products You Didn’t Know Were NOT Halal It is a Muslims belief that God has made the haram and halal explicitly clear. However, what lies in between the two is doubtful matters. Seemingly halal foods – that are whole and pure from the earth – can easily be altered and distorted with haram ingredients. Halal certifying bodies such as Halal Watch World assists halal conscious consumers in making the Divine injunction more distinguishable. We’ve compiled a list of common household brands that you didn’t know were NOT halal: 1. Grandma Utz Chips Many oil-fried potato chips, such as Grandma Utz’s brand, are traditionally fried in lard. It’s hard to miss this fact, as ‘lard’ is visibly displayed on the ingredients list. This is the case with the majority of Grandma Utz’s brand, so be very weary of purchasing a pack of these. Alternatively, look instead for potato chips that are fried using vegetable oils such as canola, sunflower or corn oil. As a substitute, one may forgo fatty oils altogether, and opt for a healthier alternative in kettle cooked and baked chips. Aside from the oil chips are fried in, these snacks also come in a wide variety of flavors which can be problematic for the halal conscious consumer. Be sure to check the back of the package for the ingredients, flavors, and seasonings. Keep your eyes peeled for masked names like ‘tallow’, (animal fat), ‘shortening’ (same), pepsin (enzymes from the stomachs of pigs), or ‘suet’ (fat from around the kidneys of animals). Vegan certified chips, such as Kettle Foods Organic Potato Chips and Good Health Potato Chips are sure to contain no animal byproducts. 2. Planters Dry Roasted Peanuts It’s easy to assume that roasted peanuts are simple in ingredients: salt and peanuts. However, Planters Peanuts are not entirely simple nor are they animal-product free. By glancing through the ingredients list, among the spices, you will find that it contains gelatin derived from pork. The gelatin, along with the salt and spices, helps to create an added flavor, making Planters Dry Roasted Peanuts unfit to consume for the halal conscious consumer as well as those on an exclusively plant based diet. As an alternative, you can make your own roasted peanuts at home or look out for nut brands that have no animal by-products such as Blue Diamond Growers and Wonderful Pistachios and Almonds. 3. Pillsbury’s Pie Crust Many store bought pie crusts, and traditional pie crust recipes include lard as a way to hold the ingredients together. One such example is Pillsbury’s Pie Crust . The flakiness of Pillsbury’s Pie Crust is due to the lard (pig fat) making it unfit for halal consumption. In order to confirm the use of lard, we reached out to Pillsbury to request their ingredients list, and though they didn’t have the list on hand, they promised to email us which we have yet to receive. As a halal substitute for Pillsbury’s Pie Crust, instead of lard, Trader Joe’s Frozen Pie Crusts contains butter. 4. Marshmallows (Jet-puffed Kraft, Kroger, Campfire, and many more) It’s almost a guarantee that marshmallows contain gelatin in order to maintain its soft spongy consistency (unless otherwise stated on the label). Famous American brands such as Jet-puffed Kraft marshmallows, Campfire marshmallows , and Kroger marshmallows are all made with pork gelatin. Moreover, household cereals from well known companies such as Kellogg’s , and General Mills contain marshmallows with beef and pork gelatin. As an alternative, look for gelatin-free marshmallows or those labeled with halal, vegan, or kosher certifying seals, such as Trader Joe’s peppermint mini marshmallows. 5. Kellogg’s Frosted Mini-Wheats Cereal (Krave Treat Bars, Rice Krispies, etc) Kellogg’s Frosted Mini-Wheats cereal contains gelatin that derived from the skin, bones, ligaments and tendons of beef. Other Kellogg’s products that contain gelatin include: all cereals with marshmallows , rice krispies treats (and squares), frosted pop-tarts , fruit flavored fruity snacks , and krave treat bars. In order to avoid sneaky gelatin based cereals, you can opt for the Kellogg’s All Bran Flakes or Crunchy Nut Glorious Oat Granola . 6. Jell-O Jell-O is widely known as a gelatin-based dessert that comes in a variety of fruity flavors. Its wiggly jiggly texture is attributed to the use of gelatin as a gelling agent, which is extracted from collagen tissue of animals, typically pork and beef. As an alternative for Jell-O, try to find similar products that are made of plant-based ingredients (agar-agar) such as those from Simply Delish. 7. Starbust Candies looking to achieve a chewy and textured consistency, are typically known to contain animal products. Starburst’s cuboid-shaped, fruit-flavoured soft taffy candy, contains gelatin made from animal bones. In the US, Starburst may not be halal to eat but Starburst products imported from the UK are suitable for the halal conscious consumer, as they are vegetarian certified. As a halal chewy-sweet alternative, AirHead s and LaffyTaffy are completely free of animal byproducts. 8. Altoids Some of the famous Altoids breath mints contain gelatin of pig origin. Whilst there are many flavors of Altoids, the original sugared ones contain gelatin whereas the the non-sugared Altoids are in fact halal, as they do not contain any animal products in them. Skittles , Tic Tac , and Mento s are all halal and a delicious chewy sweet alternative. We live in a heavily processed world where foods are stripped of their natural goodness and altered with animal byproducts. With the dissemination of knowledge provided by halal certifying bodies, we are able to take care of our health and our spiritual well-being at the same time.
Are Crayola Crayons Halal?
Blogs Are Crayola Crayons Halal? Are Crayola Crayons Halal? Questions regarding the usage of items that contain haram ingredients that are not consumed, such as cosmetics, clothing items, and others, is a point of misunderstanding for the Muslim community. Is it ok to sell pork if I do not eat it? Is it acceptable to purchase animal fats for lighting lamps? These questions have lead us to a deeper matter regarding many products. In particular, that of Crayola crayons. In this article, we will discuss the permissibility factor, and the contents of Crayola’s crayons to better understand how this impacts the halal-conscious consumer. Crayons are believed to contain animal by-products in the form of beef tallow (fat) . Their waxy scent is attributed to stearic acid or beef tallow which gives crayons its waxy consistency. But is this cause for concern? Islamically, impermissibility is attached to the purchasing of non-halal items, as our Prophet (SAWS) expressly forbade. It must be clarified first that Allah SWT and his Prophet SAWS make clear as to what is impermissible to consume, and by way of extension, that which is impermissible to utilize and transact. The Messenger (ﷺ) taught us an important principle when he said: “When Allah forbids a thing, He (also) forbids its price.” – Abu Dawood, 3488 – Classed as authentic. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) reported: “Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of alcohol, dead meat, pork and idols.” It was said: “O Messenger of Allah, what do you think of the fat of dead animals, for ships are caulked with it and animal skins are daubed with it, and the people use it to light their lamps?” He said: “No, it is haram.” Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “May Allah curse the Jews, for when Allah forbade them animal fat, they melted it down and sold it, and consumed its price.” Hasan: Abu Dawud – Book 18, Hadith 182. This establishes a general principle in Islamic jurisprudence: The permissibility to purchase, or sell any product relies mainly upon the permission or prohibition of its consumption. If its consumption is not permissible, then neither is its purchase. There are few exceptions to this rule, however, will not discuss these in this venue, as they are not relevant to the matter at hand. The above hadith mentions at the tail end, the statement of the Prophet SAWS. They “consumed its price”, meaning they purchased that which was not permitted. This is due not only to it being dead meat, but rather, to the fact that it is a forbidden item. Further evidence supports this position: 1. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Allah has cursed alcohol, the one who drinks it, the one who pours it, the one who sells it, the one who buys it, the one who squeezes (the grapes etc), the one for whom it is squeezed, the one who carries it and the one to whom it is carried.” -Abu Dawood (3674) and Ibn Maajah (3380) – Classed as Authentic 2. It was also narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-‘As: On the day of Khaybar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade eating the flesh of donkeys, and the animal which feeds on filth: riding it and eating its flesh. – Grade: Hasan Sahih – Sunan Abi Dawud 3811 3. Ibn ‘Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) said: ”The Messenger of Allah forbade riding or drinking the milk of Al-Jallaalah camels (camels that consume filth). – Hasan: Abu Dawud – Book 18, Hadith 182 Here, it is clearly noted that not only is it impermissible to consume its meat, or fat for that matter, but it is also impermissible to drink its milk, and even ride. Reputable news outlets and agencies citing Crayola as having animal derived ingredients The Chicago Tribune: (https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-10-29-8603210512-story.html) Business Insider: (https://www.businessinsider.com/15-surprising-things-that-contain-animal-products-2014-3) Veg News: (https://vegnews.com/2018/6/crayola-debuts-58-piece-vegan-beauty-line) Cultural Heritage: (https://cool.culturalheritage.org/waac/wn/wn19/wn19-3/wn19-308.html) Crayola Releases a Vegan Product: According to an article released on Veg News: “British retailer ASOS debuted a vegan beauty line today created in partnership with 133-year-old company Crayola. While original crayons are made with stearic acid—an ingredient derived from beef tallow—the new Crayola beauty x Asos line features 58 animal-free products in 95 crayon-inspired shades.” One must question, why some products are vegan, while others are not? Crayola Refusing to Deny Claims Our representatives, as well as many others, have contacted Crayola. In our conversation with their representative, Crayola Crayons neither confirmed nor denied the ingredients at stake, stating that its ingredients list is proprietary. Interestingly, they informed us that the only way to confirm whether their crayons contained animal products would be to consume their product, become sick by it, contact your doctor about your health issue, and in turn, have your doctor contact poison control who must proceed to contact Crayola and request their ingredient list. Although our research is inconclusive, we believe that the lack of transparency on behalf of Crayola is telling enough. In order to avoid any doubt, an alternative to Crayola crayons presents itself in RoseArt and Stockmar’s beeswax crayons. These companies have confirmed that they do not utilize any animal derivatives in their products of any kind.
The Conscious Traveler
Blogs Inclusive Halal School Meal Programs Embracing Diversity Through Inclusive Halal School Meal Programs A Comprehensive Guide for School Districts to Address Challenges and Foster Inclusivity As our nation’s schools become increasingly diverse, the importance of inclusive meal programs has never been more evident. Students come from a myriad of cultural backgrounds, each with unique dietary needs and preferences shaped by personal beliefs, religious practices, and health considerations. Providing meals that cater to this diversity is not just about nutrition—it’s about fostering an environment where every student feels valued, respected, and included. Inclusive meal programs play a pivotal role in promoting equity within the educational system. When schools acknowledge and accommodate the dietary restrictions of their students, they send a powerful message of acceptance and understanding. This inclusivity positively impacts students’ well-being and academic performance, as children who feel respected are more likely to engage positively in their school environment. One area of growing importance within inclusive meal planning is the provision of halal food options. Halal, meaning “permissible” in Arabic, refers to foods that meet Islamic dietary laws. For Muslim students—and halal-conscious consumers in general—access to halal meals is a vital aspect of daily life. By embracing halal options, schools can take a significant step toward inclusivity, benefiting not just Muslim students but the entire school community. Understanding Inclusive Meal Programs Inclusive meal programs are designed to meet the diverse dietary needs of the student population. These programs go beyond offering standard meal choices by incorporating options that respect various cultural, religious, and health-related dietary restrictions. Accommodating these needs is crucial for several reasons: Health and Safety: Providing meals that adhere to dietary restrictions ensures that students with allergies or intolerances can eat safely. Cultural Respect: Offering culturally appropriate foods demonstrates respect for students’ backgrounds and traditions. Promoting Equity: Ensuring all students have access to meals they can enjoy promotes fairness and reduces feelings of exclusion. Inclusive meal programs might include vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, kosher, and halal options, among others. By thoughtfully designing these programs, schools create a welcoming environment that acknowledges and celebrates diversity. The Significance of Halal in School Meals What Is Halal? Halal food complies with Islamic dietary laws as outlined in the Quran. These laws specify permissible foods and the methods of preparation. Key aspects include: Permissible Ingredients: Certain animals are allowed (e.g., cows, chickens, sheep), while others are prohibited (e.g., pork, carnivorous animals). Proper Slaughtering Practices: Animals must be slaughtered in a specific, humane manner, invoking the name of Allah during the process. Avoidance of Certain Additives: Ingredients like alcohol and some enzymes or gelatin derived from non-halal sources are not permitted. Importance for Muslim Students For Muslim students, consuming halal food is a fundamental aspect of practicing their faith. Access to halal meals at school enables them to participate fully in the meal program without compromising their religious beliefs. It affects their: Physical Well-being: Ensuring they receive proper nutrition without violating dietary laws. Emotional Well-being: Feeling respected and included enhances self-esteem and school engagement. Social Inclusion: Sharing meals with peers without restrictions fosters better social interactions. Halal Is for Everyone It’s important to recognize that halal food isn’t exclusively for Muslims. Halal options are often wholesome and prepared with strict hygiene standards, appealing to a broader audience, including: Halal-Conscious Consumers: Individuals who prefer halal food for ethical, health, or quality reasons. Culinary Exploration Enthusiasts: Students interested in trying diverse and flavorful dishes from different cultures. By offering halal meals, schools provide delicious and healthy options that can be enjoyed by all students, promoting inclusivity and broadening culinary experiences. Cultural and Religious Diversity in School Meal Programs The cultural and religious diversity among students influences various aspects of school life, particularly in meal programs. To effectively cater to unique dietary requirements, schools must recognize and accommodate a range of dietary needs, including: Halal Diets: Complying with Islamic dietary laws for Muslim students. Kosher Diets: Meeting Jewish dietary laws for students who observe kosher practices. Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Providing meat-free options for those who choose plant-based diets for health, ethical, or religious reasons. Allergen-Free Diets: Offering meals free from common allergens such as nuts, gluten, and dairy to safeguard students with allergies. By implementing comprehensive strategies that recognize these diverse dietary needs, schools can create a welcoming environment where every student feels valued and supported in their dietary choices. Challenges in Implementing Halal Meals in Schools While the benefits of offering halal meals are clear, schools may face several challenges in implementing these options: Potential Costs Ingredient Sourcing: Halal-certified products may come at a higher price due to specialized processing and certification fees. Kitchen Modifications: Ensuring that food preparation areas prevent cross-contamination might require changes to kitchen layouts or equipment. Staff Training: Additional training for kitchen staff on halal practices can incur costs. Lack of Awareness or Understanding Educational Gaps: Staff may not be familiar with halal requirements, leading to unintentional mistakes. Miscommunication: Without proper understanding, schools may struggle to communicate effectively with vendors or the community about halal needs. Navigating Compliance with Regulations Food Safety Standards: Balancing halal practices with local and federal food safety regulations requires careful planning. Documentation: Maintaining records for halal certification adds an administrative layer to compliance efforts. Operational Complexities and Budget Constraints Vendor Relationships: Identifying and partnering with reliable halal-certified vendors can be time-consuming. Menu Planning: Creating appealing halal meals that meet nutritional guidelines and student tastes requires expertise. Cross-Contamination Prevention: Implementing strict protocols to avoid mixing halal and non-halal foods is essential but can complicate kitchen operations. Budget Limitations: Allocating funds for higher-cost halal ingredients and necessary staff training within tight school budgets. The Role of Halal Watch World For nearly four decades, Halal Watch World has worked with schools to build trust and deliver solutions that benefit both institutions and families. As the sole halal certification agency in Upstate New York, Halal Watch World offers unmatched expertise and resources, including: Certification Services: Ensuring schools meet strict halal standards, verified by recognized authorities. This gives
Inclusive Halal School Meal Programs
Blogs Inclusive Halal School Meal Programs Embracing Diversity Through Inclusive Halal School Meal Programs A Comprehensive Guide for School Districts to Address Challenges and Foster Inclusivity As our nation’s schools become increasingly diverse, the importance of inclusive meal programs has never been more evident. Students come from a myriad of cultural backgrounds, each with unique dietary needs and preferences shaped by personal beliefs, religious practices, and health considerations. Providing meals that cater to this diversity is not just about nutrition—it’s about fostering an environment where every student feels valued, respected, and included. Inclusive meal programs play a pivotal role in promoting equity within the educational system. When schools acknowledge and accommodate the dietary restrictions of their students, they send a powerful message of acceptance and understanding. This inclusivity positively impacts students’ well-being and academic performance, as children who feel respected are more likely to engage positively in their school environment. One area of growing importance within inclusive meal planning is the provision of halal food options. Halal, meaning “permissible” in Arabic, refers to foods that meet Islamic dietary laws. For Muslim students—and halal-conscious consumers in general—access to halal meals is a vital aspect of daily life. By embracing halal options, schools can take a significant step toward inclusivity, benefiting not just Muslim students but the entire school community. Understanding Inclusive Meal Programs Inclusive meal programs are designed to meet the diverse dietary needs of the student population. These programs go beyond offering standard meal choices by incorporating options that respect various cultural, religious, and health-related dietary restrictions. Accommodating these needs is crucial for several reasons: Health and Safety: Providing meals that adhere to dietary restrictions ensures that students with allergies or intolerances can eat safely. Cultural Respect: Offering culturally appropriate foods demonstrates respect for students’ backgrounds and traditions. Promoting Equity: Ensuring all students have access to meals they can enjoy promotes fairness and reduces feelings of exclusion. Inclusive meal programs might include vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, kosher, and halal options, among others. By thoughtfully designing these programs, schools create a welcoming environment that acknowledges and celebrates diversity. The Significance of Halal in School Meals What Is Halal? Halal food complies with Islamic dietary laws as outlined in the Quran. These laws specify permissible foods and the methods of preparation. Key aspects include: Permissible Ingredients: Certain animals are allowed (e.g., cows, chickens, sheep), while others are prohibited (e.g., pork, carnivorous animals). Proper Slaughtering Practices: Animals must be slaughtered in a specific, humane manner, invoking the name of Allah during the process. Avoidance of Certain Additives: Ingredients like alcohol and some enzymes or gelatin derived from non-halal sources are not permitted. Importance for Muslim Students For Muslim students, consuming halal food is a fundamental aspect of practicing their faith. Access to halal meals at school enables them to participate fully in the meal program without compromising their religious beliefs. It affects their: Physical Well-being: Ensuring they receive proper nutrition without violating dietary laws. Emotional Well-being: Feeling respected and included enhances self-esteem and school engagement. Social Inclusion: Sharing meals with peers without restrictions fosters better social interactions. Halal Is for Everyone It’s important to recognize that halal food isn’t exclusively for Muslims. Halal options are often wholesome and prepared with strict hygiene standards, appealing to a broader audience, including: Halal-Conscious Consumers: Individuals who prefer halal food for ethical, health, or quality reasons. Culinary Exploration Enthusiasts: Students interested in trying diverse and flavorful dishes from different cultures. By offering halal meals, schools provide delicious and healthy options that can be enjoyed by all students, promoting inclusivity and broadening culinary experiences. Cultural and Religious Diversity in School Meal Programs The cultural and religious diversity among students influences various aspects of school life, particularly in meal programs. To effectively cater to unique dietary requirements, schools must recognize and accommodate a range of dietary needs, including: Halal Diets: Complying with Islamic dietary laws for Muslim students. Kosher Diets: Meeting Jewish dietary laws for students who observe kosher practices. Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Providing meat-free options for those who choose plant-based diets for health, ethical, or religious reasons. Allergen-Free Diets: Offering meals free from common allergens such as nuts, gluten, and dairy to safeguard students with allergies. By implementing comprehensive strategies that recognize these diverse dietary needs, schools can create a welcoming environment where every student feels valued and supported in their dietary choices. Challenges in Implementing Halal Meals in Schools While the benefits of offering halal meals are clear, schools may face several challenges in implementing these options: Potential Costs Ingredient Sourcing: Halal-certified products may come at a higher price due to specialized processing and certification fees. Kitchen Modifications: Ensuring that food preparation areas prevent cross-contamination might require changes to kitchen layouts or equipment. Staff Training: Additional training for kitchen staff on halal practices can incur costs. Lack of Awareness or Understanding Educational Gaps: Staff may not be familiar with halal requirements, leading to unintentional mistakes. Miscommunication: Without proper understanding, schools may struggle to communicate effectively with vendors or the community about halal needs. Navigating Compliance with Regulations Food Safety Standards: Balancing halal practices with local and federal food safety regulations requires careful planning. Documentation: Maintaining records for halal certification adds an administrative layer to compliance efforts. Operational Complexities and Budget Constraints Vendor Relationships: Identifying and partnering with reliable halal-certified vendors can be time-consuming. Menu Planning: Creating appealing halal meals that meet nutritional guidelines and student tastes requires expertise. Cross-Contamination Prevention: Implementing strict protocols to avoid mixing halal and non-halal foods is essential but can complicate kitchen operations. Budget Limitations: Allocating funds for higher-cost halal ingredients and necessary staff training within tight school budgets. The Role of Halal Watch World For nearly four decades, Halal Watch World has worked with schools to build trust and deliver solutions that benefit both institutions and families. As the sole halal certification agency in Upstate New York, Halal Watch World offers unmatched expertise and resources, including: Certification Services: Ensuring schools meet strict halal standards, verified by recognized authorities. This gives
Halal vs. Kosher
Blogs Halal vs. Kosher Halal vs. Kosher in the Food Industry Can Muslims & Jews Eat From The Same Plate? When talking about the permissibility of a thing, the terms ‘halal’ and ‘kosher’ are well-known terms that are commonly used to discern between two different dietary laws. We are sometimes guilty of labeling it as ‘Muslim food’ or ‘Jewish food’ or using kosher interchangeably with what is considered to be culturally ‘proper’ in the moment, but at the heart of the matter, there are finer details that we aren’t fully attuned to, especially those within the food industry.Halal and Kosher may be similar, but how do we distinguish between the two? Let’s start off with the basics. Each term is firmly rooted in its respective monotheistic faith tradition. ‘Halal’ is used by the Muslim community and is an Arabic word that denotes that which is ‘lawful’ or ‘permissible’ whereas ‘Kosher’ is used by Jews, and is derived from the Hebrew word ‘Kasher’ which means ‘fit’ or ‘proper.’ In both faith traditions, animals are ritually prepared and slaughtered in a specific manner in order for it to be considered permissible to consume. In Islam, animals are slaughtered in accordance with Islamic Law, and in Judaism, animals are slaughtered in accordance with Jewish regulations. The faith traditions differ on various matters. For example, Muslims are allowed to consume aquatic animals but in order for this to be considered ‘kosher’, aquatic animals need to have fins and scales. Moreover, Jewish regulations allow for the consumption of alcohol on the premise that the grape wine is prepared according to Kashrut Law whilst Islamic Laws prohibit alcoholic consumption. Furthermore, dairy and meat are both halal and kosher if fulfilling dietary laws but combining them together is not allowed in kosher laws. Lastly, according to Islamic laws, kitchen utensils that come into contact with the aforementioned products (dairy and meat) can be reused after complete sanitization whereas, in the laws of kashrut, the reusing of kitchen utensils is not observed. Are Muslims allowed to eat Kosher certified foods? Jews are considered ‘people of the Book’ and the Orthodox Jewish method of slaughter is very similar to that of the Islamic way, with slight variances in methodology. However, if Kosher certifying bodies strictly adhere to Orthodox Jewish standards, the meat is deemed halal and fit to consume.Allah says in the Quran: “This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them” Surah Ma’idah [S:5/V:22].The Muslim exegesis, Ibn Kathir writes that “When the Most High mentioned And the foods of those who have taken the book are permissible for you all,” Allah is explicitly referring to their slaughtered animals. So, what are the methods of slaughter? Aa’isha Ebrahim is a Bachelor’s graduate from the University of Cape Town, and that is the least interesting thing about her. She spends her free time doing impressionionist paintings on pottery and birthday cakes and writing a plethora of fictional pieces she may never publish. She often wonders if she’ll ever know what a hedgefund is, or overcome her fear of dogs. She is currently content not knowing the answer. The Islamic method of slaughter is as follows: 1. The slaughterer must be a Muslim, Jew or Christian 2. The intention must be present for the specific slaughtering tool 3. The animal must be alive 4. The tasmiyyah (Slaughtering in the name of Allah) must be mentioned 5. Severing at least 3 of the 4 ventricles (Trachea, Oesophagus, and 1 of the two Jugular Veins) to allow blood to flow 6. If the slaughterer is a Jew or a Christian, all conditions including mentioning the tasmiyyah apply The Jewish method of slaughter is as follows: 1. There should be no interruption of the incision (Shehiya)2. There should be no pressing of the chalaf against the neck (Derasa), this would exclude the use of an ax, hatchet or guillotine3. The chalaf should not be covered by the hide of cattle, wool of sheep or feathers of birds (Chalada), and therefore the chalaf has to be of adequate length4. The blessing in God’s name (b’rachah) must be pronounced5. The incision must be at the appropriate site to sever the major structures andvessels at the neck (Hagrama)6. There must be no tearing of the vessels before or during the shechita process (Ikkur) From this, we’re able to see that the Jewish method of slaughter bears a striking resemblance to the Islamic slaughtering method. Hence, the slaughtering methods of both faith traditions are compatible. Jews and Muslims are the main religious groups who have a third-party certifying body. Seeing that Jews are people of the Book, are Jewish bodies of certification allowed to certify Halal meat? It is worth noting that there is nothing within the Jewish method of slaughter that contradicts the Islamic slaughter method. However, there are some other methods of kosher slaughter that do not abide by these rules, which the shari’a necessarily rejects as not authentic Jewish law. If this is the case, and any Jewish organization does not practice upon their laws, or, abide by laws contradictory to Islamic law, then we reject their process and product outright. So long as Jewish law is adhered to and abided by, by either the Jew or the Christian, then the meat will be considered Halal. It must be noted, however, that over time, Orthodox Jewish law has been watered down and many of its original teachings are no longer acted upon. The laws have either been altered or lost to politics, corruption, misinformation, and the overreaching statements of their leaders. Many modern-day Jewish organizations that sanction kosher products do not adhere to shari’a standards or are in conflict with it as many Jewish organizations do not concern themselves with the mention of the name of God before the slaughter. Thus, many of them cannot be trusted for the purposes of halal consumption nor the issuing of halal certification. Halal and kosher are two very
Is Sour Patch Kids Halal?
Blogs Is Sour Patch Kids Halal? Is Sour Patch Kids Halal? The Halal-Conscious Consumer reaches for a pack of Sour Patch Kids in the Supermarket and flips it over to check for a halal stamp – the presence of which would bring peace of mind and reassurance, the absence of which provokes doubt and unease. For many people this ‘doubt’ around a gummy sweet’s halal status might seem arb – how can a gummy not be halal? This level of scrutiny is surely… pedantic – no? No. Without boring you with the intricacies around product manufacturing and packaging; it is entirely possible that whilst a product may not strictly contain pork or animal derivatives, its halal status may become compromised due to cross-contamination. However, in the instance of gummies, specifically, there is an extra element that rouses suspicion: its gelatinous nature. Gelatin is an insoluble protein, commonly used in production of commercial food and pharmaceuticals. It is made through the process of boiling animal skin, bones and cartilage so as to extract the collagen. When it comes to the food industry, this versatile ingredient is primarily used as a stabilizer, an emulsifier and a foaming agent. When it comes to soft gummies, it’s what makes them go…squish. Gelatin is almost exclusively of two types, the first – and most popular – made entirely from pork, and the second, derived from bovine. It’s no wonder this ingredient is a long-standing controversial and extensively researched topic in the halal-conscious community. In the name of eradicating doubt, we embarked on a little journey to establish the halal status of Sour Patch Kids – a question that seems to plague many. Across hundreds of online forums, you can find consumers frantically researching whether or not this product is fit for the halal-conscious, calling out to the learned to pull through with a fatwa[1]. This question could have been addressed conclusively and decisively if all of ingredients in this popular, household sweet were disclosed to the public. However, Sour Patch Kids does not list gelatin as an ingredient in their product, and when we inquired about their gelling agent, their response was that such information was ‘proprietary’. Dang. If you’ve gotten this far in the article you might be thinking: well, I still don’t have my answer, thanks. I would like to invite you to reframe and consider that you do. This appears to be one of those ‘I guess we’ll never know’ scenarios, which can feel frustrating and limiting because… sometimes you just want to kick it back with a packet of Sour Patch Kids, I guess. A big part of being a halal-conscious consumer – being a conscious consumer, generally – is coming to terms with the reality that sometimes our needs will not be met. And ‘needs’, here, can range from literal dietary requirements to certainty. Certainty and integrity is primary to halal-consciousness. When it comes to what we consume, both literally and figuratively, the goodness of it – the purity of it – should not be compromised on, or dubious. In the words of our Beloved Prophet (PBUH), “Leave that which makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt.”[2] [1] Fatwa, in Islam, a formal ruling or interpretation on a point of Islamic law given by a qualified legal scholar (known as a mufti). [2] Sunan An-Nasa’i. References: Zin, Z. M., Mhd Sarbon, N., Khairi Zainol, M., Afifah Jaafar, S., Mohamad Shukri, M., & Asyraf, H. (n.d.). al-Khattiib, N. (n.d.). Sunan An-Nasa’i. Darussalam. Aa’isha Ebrahim is a Bachelor’s graduate from the University of Cape Town, and that is the least interesting thing about her. She spends her free time doing impressionionist paintings on pottery and birthday cakes and writing a plethora of fictional pieces she may never publish. She often wonders if she’ll ever know what a hedgefund is, or overcome her fear of dogs. She is currently content not knowing the answer.
The Rise of Halal Fashion
Blogs The Rise of Halal Fashion The Rise of Halal Fashion Contemporary Modesty In View “Similar to religious art, for the Muslim woman, dressing modestly can be likened to devotion and an act of submission.” The lucrative fashion industry is continuously in flux; styles and trends are constantly changing. Wearing Birkenstocks may get you a seat at the table, but sporting bell-bottoms from the early 2000s will have you metaphorically ousted before you even set foot through the door. The trends that dominate the runway or the posts of your favorite modest fashion influencer also determine architecture, the future of interior décor, and other related industries. To determine a trend, trend forecasting acts as a vital tool to pre-empt consumer trends and gain insights to help brands plan ahead and increase their purchasing power of consumers. These trends are also inextricably connected with the socio-political climate of the time when trends are forecasted. Given the narrative surrounding Islam, informed by major media houses, very few predicted the rise of modest fashion. In this article, I’ll be delving into the rise of the modest fashion industry, its stakeholders, and its role in the global halal market. “Similar to religious art, for the Muslim woman, dressing modestly can be likened to devotion and an act of submission.” Nearly a decade ago, it was hard for Muslim women to find modest clothing in department stores that were loose, non-transparent, and able to cover appropriately. Aside from that, the Muslim woman was purposefully excluded and continuously policed. From the lack of representation of Muslim women in the media and fashion houses, to being jailed and fined for donning their hijab, Muslim women were – and are still – being “othered”. So what led to the rise of Modest Fashion? The three key factors explored in this post are: the fashion industry, media, and the halal market. Disclaimer: Modest fashion encompasses a wide variety of styles and can take on different interpretations for different people. Although modest fashion is frequently associated with Muslim women, it also includes – and appeals to – women of all faith and cultural backgrounds. Essentially, modest fashion is all about keeping it covered. Retailers and the Modest Fashion Bandwagon Initially, modest fashion arose out of a need for inclusion. And while the styles typically range from higher necklines and longer hemlines, the modest fashion industry challenges us to rethink the way we view clothes. It’s no doubt that major retail outlets are playing one of the most prominent roles. According to a 2018 report by Thomson Reuters and DinarStandard, $270 billion was spent by Muslim consumers on modest fashion in 2017. The report projects 4.8 percent year-on-year growth for the sector and estimates that sales are expected to reach $402 billion by 2024. As a result, fashion brands have noted this growing trend, and many have rushed to cater to this relatively untapped global billion-dollar industry. Since the economic crises of 2008, former senior vice-president of Gucci, Alexandra Gillespie, mentioned that 2009 was ‘the worst year on record for the luxury sector.’ In the wake of the recession, the fiscal difficulties prompted Gillespie to say ‘This is not a time to panic, this is a time to define and redefine the brand.’ As a result, the fashion industry undertook a massive overhaul, and designer houses were now featuring styles that appealed to the target markets of the Middle East and Russia. At the time of the recession, Russia flourished from price spikes in crude and the Middle East, well, from oil. Dolce & Gabbana Abaya Collection Autumn/Winter 2019 Over the past decade, the demand for haute couture in the Middle East has increased. Moreover, its modest fashion market has seen massive growth in the retail sector and outperformed the markets of Russia and China. In 2016, when Dolce & Gabbana launched their abaya and hijab collection, Forbes called it ‘their smartest move in years.’ A chief executive of Hermes, Thomas Patrick, told Reuters that between 2009 and 2011, the Middle East generated 30 – 35% of the brand’s annual sales. According to fashion industry expert, Jeffry Aronnson, ‘Women from the Middle East are our top buyers, and they are likely to remain so.’ In later years, Nike has jumped on the modest fashion bandwagon by releasing its modest sports and swimwear collection. The Rise of the Hijabi Influencer To successfully tap into the near $368 billion treasure trove of modest fashion, fashion brands had to include the fashion-conscious Muslim women who have already been taking center stage of the hijabi fashion movement. However, the Muslim woman is not a monolithic entity – what a fashion-conscious Muslim woman looks like in the Middle East is completely different from one in the United States. With the advent of YouTube nearly over a decade ago, Muslim women like Dina Torkia, took to YouTube and combined two things that were important to them: modesty and fashion. Nearly ten years later, inspired hijabi influencers have followed suit and emerged in the thousands across social media platforms. In 2013, blogger Mariah Idrissi was scouted by H&M to be part of their fashion campaign centered around inclusivity entitled – ‘fashion has no rules.’ Being the first headscarf-clad model, Idrissi was championed for her ‘big achievement’. In 2016, with over 92 million views, Dina Torkia was recognized for her work in bringing more diversity to the fashion industry and named one of YouTube’s Creators for Change, a global initiative dedicated to amplifying young YouTubers using their channels to front social change to promote messages of tolerance and empathy. As a result, the hijabi influencer was regarded as ‘unstoppable,’ and brands were applauded for their innovation and courageous for daring to be different in creating modest wear collections. In an interview with Goltune, Modest Fashion Designer, Hana Tajima, was asked about the connection between modesty, fashion, and religion. In response, Tajima noted that it is about ‘self-expression, about connecting with something outside of yourself.’ While religious art is
Indonesia’s Halal Industry
Blogs Indonesia’s Halal Industry Revolutionizing Indonesia’s Halal Industry Current Developments in the Indonesian Halal Industry Home to over 207 million Muslims (roughly 87% of its population), Indonesia hosts the largest Muslim community in the world. The need for halal-certified products has translated into a considerable business opportunity for this southeast Asian country. Most Indonesians associate the term ‘halal’ with food products only, however, ‘halal’ encompasses a much broader range of products and industries – including but not limited to; cosmetics; pharmaceuticals; finance, and tourism. All of these come together to form a cohesive ‘halal lifestyle.’ Let’s take a closer look at how the halal industry has been evolving in Indonesia. The Rise of Halal Tourism In 2014, the Ministry of Tourism focused on developing Halal tourism to attract more Muslim travelers. This concept offers a range of services intended to comply with Islamic Law, from halal-certified foods to Muslim-friendly hotels. According to the Global Muslim Travel Index, Indonesia was ranked number one in the world for Halal Tourism in 2019, with Malaysia coming in at a close second. Popular Indonesian travel destinations that meet Halal Tourism industry standards include Aceh; Riau and Riau Islands; West Sumatra; DKI Jakarta; West Java, Bandung; Central Java; Yogyakarta; East Java; Lombok; and South Sulawesi, Makassar. The Central Bank of Indonesia reports that Indonesia’s Halal Tourism holds “massive potential” and will be a “key driver” for other sectors of its developing halal industry. Halal Food in Indonesia In Indonesia Halal foods are widely available and easily accessible. In any Muslim-majority country, one can safely assume that halal foods are readily available. This is not the case in Muslim-minority countries. Street-food vendors, restaurants, and meal delivery services make acquiring halal food incredibly convenient. While halal is the norm, there are a few non-halal vendors who inform the general public that they are not halal-certified by means of appropriate signage in front of their store. In particular regions of Asia, food is commonly prepared with the use of pork and alcohol. While these cooking methods are not widespread in Indonesia, traditional dishes made with the blood and meat of dogs can still be found in certain areas. Any dish that raises suspicion can easily have its ingredients clarified by a waiter, chef, or manager. The consumption and sale of alcohol is heavily regulated by the Indonesian government, and mass media advertising of liquor is strictly prohibited. Its on-site consumption and trade are limited to touristic establishments and, even so, this can only be done with the possession of a legal trading permit. The Effect of the New Halal Law In 1989, a study alleged that several common food products contained pork. The Indonesian government did not take these claims lightly, leading them to task the Indonesian Ulema Council with restoring public trust. They were given the mandate to establish a division that could easily assess and certify the halal status of any given product. Up until 2019, the Indonesian Ulema Council and the Food and Drugs Assessments Body of Indonesian Ulema Council (LPPOM MUI), was regarded as the only halal-certifying body in the country. LPPOM MUI assesses the technical parts, and MUI (the fatwa council) passes the Halal edict. As a consequence of the controversy that arose in 1989, whenever food products are suspected of being ‘not halal’, it unsettles the halal-conscious consumer and becomes a source of public unrest. Many food manufacturers and restaurant establishments undergo a regulated halal-certification process. Businesses that are halal-certified, enjoy access into a broader market – the halal conscious community. For this community, the halal stamp ensures that a product is authentically halal. Throughout Indonesia, halal certification was voluntary until the government enacted Law No. 33 of 2014, which set out Halal Product Assurance requirements. This law came into effect in 2019 when the government issued supporting regulations for its implementation; the sole purpose of which is to provide assurance and protection for halal products consumed by Indonesian citizens. Additionally, the Indonesian government assumed immediate authority and replaced the Indonesian Ulema Council as a certifying body. The Halal Product Assurance law stipulates that it is mandatory for all consumable goods and related services to undergo halal certification. Any business that infringes upon these terms, may be met with legal action in the form of the withholding of products; issuing of fines; or imprisonment. Industry critics have raised speculation regarding the government’s capacity to issue halal certification, arguing that the government is not fully equipped to implement the law in its entirety. There is a call for clarity on regulations and guidelines to avoid certification confusion. The government is currently undergoing a review process with the House of Representatives to draft an omnibus law that aims to streamline the certification process. As a predominantly Muslim country, Indonesia is considered the biggest market for Halal products and services. With the new halal law that took into effect, Indonesia will be the first country to make halal certification mandatory on business owners if it is successfully enforced. Works cited: 1. Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Population Statistics of 2010. Accessed on July 19, 2020. 2. The Lowdown by Momentum Asia. Halal is not about religion but a lifestyle. Accessed on July 20, 2020. 3. Indonesian Ministry of Finance. Indonesia Becomes World’s Best Halal Tourism Destination in 2019. Accessed on July 20, 2020. 4. Central Bank of Indonesia. Halal Tourism: Key Driver of Halal Industry in Indonesia. Published on November 15, 2019. Accessed on July 20, 2020. 5. Salaam Gateway. Indonesia halal certification process in government discussions for improvements. Accessed on July 15, 2020. 6. Akim et al., 2019. The Shifting of Halal Certification System in Indonesia: From Society-Centric to State-Centric. Mimbar Vol. 35 No. 1 (pp. 115-126).
Glycerin, Lecithin and Glutamic Acid
Blogs Glycerin, Lecithin and Glutamic Acid Is This Halal: Glycerin, Lecithin and Glutamic Acid Glossary of Terms Shari’: Canonical rulings or law as prescribed by the Quran. These rulings govern Islamic jurisprudence and the general Islamic lifestyle. Halal: ‘Halal’ is the Arabic word for ‘lawful’ or ‘permitted’. In the context of food, it is the dietary standard, as prescribed by the Quran. Mashbuh: ‘Mashbuh’ is a food designation in Islam, and means ‘doubtful’ or ‘suspected’. If a consumable is labeled mashbuh, it means its halal status is unclear, and subject to scrutiny and being determined through the implementation of halal standard checks. Haraam: ‘Haram’ is the Arabic word for ‘unlawful’ or ‘impermissable’. In the context of food, its consumption is forbidden as prescribed by the Quran. Glycerin Glycerin, also referred to as ‘glycerine’ or ‘glycerol’, in a natural compound derived from plants and animals. Vegetable Glycerin is the variant that comes specifically from plants; its discovery is said to have been purely incidental over two centuries ago, by heating a mixture of olive oil and lead monoxide. It’s a polyol compound that is odorless, colorless and mildly sweet in taste. Glycerin is a diverse ingredient used in a plethora of products, and finds itself especially popular in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. It can be found in shaving creams, toothpaste and shampoo; it is a popular humectant and keeps products from drying out. Its benefits range from facilitating better hydration, skin health and a strengthened gut. Halal Status of Glycerin When it comes to its halal status’ glycerin is considered ‘halal’ when derived from plant – palm oils, soy beans etcetera. However, there are glycerins that are sourced from animal fat, and the determination of its halal status can be a bit more complex. Determining the halal status of an ingredient is usually regulated by factors such as the method of slaughter (whether or not it is in accordance with Shari’ rulings of slaughters), the facilities that may make contamination possible, or whether or not the ingredient was extracted from the animal when it was alive – in which case determining the method of slaughter becomes an irrelevant pursuit. For the most part, Glycerin is broadly considered halal, due to most commonly being sourced from plants. Synthetic Glycerin does exist, however it is not that common. Lecithin Lecithin is a substance that occurs naturally in the tissue of the body, and is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues. Lecithin operates as an emulsifier, suspending fats and oils and preventing them from mixing with other substances. It has a variety of medical and commercial uses, with extensive health benefits. It is found naturally in soy beans and yolk. Lecithin supplements are often prescribed to assist in the treatment of high cholesterol; ulcerative colitis; and Alzheimer’s – to list just a few ailments. It is even considered a breast-feeding aid. Halal Status of Lecithin As far as its halal status is concerned, Lecithin is considered mashbuh; halal if it is derived from sources such as soy fat or egg yolk, and haram if it is obtained from animal fat. Glutamic Acid Glutamic acid is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the production of proteins. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it. It is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. Glutamic acid supplements have been used to treat behavioural problems; it is also used to support treatment of cognitive diseases, as well as preventing nerve damage in chemotherapy patients. Glutamic acid can be found naturally in poultry, fish and all high protein foods. More commercially, it can be found in a variety of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Halal Status of Glutamic Acid Much like lecithin, glutamic acid is considered mashbuh, depending on its derivative. This substance will be considered halal if it comes from plant protein, and haraam if its source is pig protein. In conclusion, when it comes to determining the halal status of ingredients such as glycerin, lecithin, and glutamic acid, it is crucial to seek halal certification. As discussed throughout this blog post, the complexities and potential sources of contamination make it challenging for individuals or businesses to ascertain the halal compliance of these ingredients on their own. At Halal Watch World, we understand the significance of halal certification in assuring Muslims of the authenticity and compliance of the products they consume. Our dedicated team of experts specializes in providing reliable halal certification services, thoroughly examining every aspect of the production process to ensure adherence to Islamic guidelines. Contact Halal Watch World today to begin your journey towards halal certification and tap into the immense potential of the halal market! Aa’isha Ebrahim is a Bachelor’s graduate from the University of Cape Town, and that is the least interesting thing about her. She spends her free time doing impressionionist paintings on pottery and birthday cakes and writing a plethora of fictional pieces she may never publish. She often wonders if she’ll ever know what a hedgefund is, or overcome her fear of dogs. She is currently content not knowing the answer. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
